Academic Articles & Research Papers

CSR and CEO’s Moral Reasoning in the Automotive Industry in the Era of COVID-19

This paper assesses whether and to which extent the COVID-19 pandemic, which represents a scenario of high moral intensity, is influencing the moral reasoning of top CEOs (chief executive officers) in the paradigmatic case of the automotive...

Reasoning, Affectivity and School Performance at the end of Portuguese Elementary Education: Which Variables To Consider?

Abstract Elementary education is a stage in which children and adolescents develop reasoning and affectivity, variables often associated with school performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between reasoning, affectivity and...

The Philosophy of Mathematical Practice

Contemporary philosophy of mathematics offers us an embarrassment of riches. Among the major areas of work one could list developments of the classical foundational programs, analytic approaches to epistemology and ontology of mathematics, ...

Geometrical reasoning in the determination of the order of factorial

It is shown here how to interpret Stirling’s formula geometrically, moreover, how geometrical reasoning can serve determining the proper magnitude of the logarithm of the factorial....

Mathematical Reasoning

Contents: Preface. Part I: Introduction. L.D. English, Analogies, Metaphors, and Images: Vehicles for Mathematical Reasoning. Part II: Cognitive Foundations for a Mind-Based Mathematics. G. Lakoff, R.E. Nunez, The Metaphorical Structure of ...

Advanced Mathematical Thinking

This chapter presents the principal currents and results in recent cognitive research on advanced mathematical thinking processes. The ambiguity in the phrase advanced mathematical thinking processes is intentional: The word advanced can an...

The materiality of mathematics: Presenting mathematics at the blackboard

Sociology has been accused of neglecting the importance of material things in human life and the material aspects of social practices. Efforts to correct this have recently been made, with a growing concern to demonstrate the materiality of...

Theories of Mathematical Learning

Contents: Preface. Part I: P. Cobb, Sociological and Anthropological Perspectives on Mathematics Learning. P. Cobb, B. Jaworski, N. Presmeg, Emergent and Sociocultural Views of Mathematical Activity. J. Voigt, Negotiation of Mathematical Me...

Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning

This is a guide to the practical art of plausible reasoning, this book has relevance in every field of intellectual activity. Professor Polya, a world-famous mathematician from Stanford University, uses mathematics to show how hunches and g...

System 2 Thinking in OpenAI’s o1-Preview Model: Near-Perfect Performance on a Mathematics Exam

The processes underlying human cognition are often divided into System 1, which involves fast, intuitive thinking, and System 2, which involves slow, deliberate reasoning. Previously, large language models were criticized for lacking the de...

Mathematical Capabilities of ChatGPT

We investigate the mathematical capabilities of two iterations of ChatGPT (released 9-January-2023 and 30-January-2023) and of GPT-4 by testing them on publicly available datasets, as well as hand-crafted ones, using a novel methodology. In...

Introduction to Mathematical Logic.

is sometimes called the foundation of mathematics: the logician studies the kinds of reasoning used in the individual steps of a proof. Alonzo Church was a pioneer in the field of mathematical logic, whose contributions to number theory and...

An Introduction to Mathematical Logic

Logic, the systematic study of reasoning, is one of the oldest branches of mathematics. For example, the notion of a syllogism was important to the ancient Greeks, and the phrase “Aristotelian logic” is still commonly used. But the flowering...

A conceptual model of mathematical reasoning for school mathematics

Uncertainty and Decisions in Medical Informatics

This paper presents a tutorial introduction to the handling of uncertainty and decision-making in medical reasoning systems. It focuses on the central role of uncertainty in all of medicine and identifies the major themes that arise in rese...

Modulation of frontal gamma oscillations improves working memory in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder that is associated with cognitive deficits. Impairments in cognition occur early in the course of illness and are associated with poor functional outcome, but have been difficult to treat with...

Medical informatics: reasoning methods

Case-based medical informatics

BACKGROUND: The "applied" nature distinguishes applied sciences from theoretical sciences. To emphasize this distinction, we begin with a general, meta-level overview of the scientific endeavor. We introduce the knowledge spectrum and four ...

Neuroscience and education

Neuroscience is a relatively new discipline encompassing neurology, psychology and biology. It has made great strides in the last 100 years, during which many aspects of the physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology and structure of the verteb...

E2ETrADS: end-to-end transformer based autonomous driving system for adverse weather conditions

Abstract Adverse weather conditions, such as snow, heavy rain, fog, or limited illumination, pose significant challenges for autonomous vehicles (AVs) by degrading sensor reliability. This paper introduces E2ETrADS, an end-to-end transforme...