Humanities & Social Sciences

Hochgenaue Fertigungstechnologien stellen die dimensionelle Messtechnik vor enorme Herausforderungen. In Ermangelung geeigneter Sensorsysteme sind Messungen an komplexen Geometrien mit einem Höchstwert der Messunsicherheit im Nanometerbereich ein größtenteils immer noch ungelöstes Problem. Hauptursächlich ist das Fehlen geeigneter Verfahren zur hochgenauen Kalibrierung mikrodimensionaler Referenzkörper sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Grob- als auch ihrer Feingestalt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden zwei diesbezüglich potentiell geeignete Messmethoden präsentiert und untersucht. Dies ist zum einen ein Rasterkraftmikroskop mit einstellbarer Antastrichtung zur Kalibrierung der Feingestalt und zum anderen die bidirektionale Konfokalmikroskopie zur Kalibrierung der Grobgestalt nanometrologischer Referenzkörper.

In the course of the Josephinian reforms, monasteries were dissolved and church property was fundamentally transformed. At that time, Bukovina was still a young province of the Habsburg Empire. The Orthodox Church dominated denominationally. As early as 1783, a Greek-Oriental religious fund was created based on the church property. This institution was fundamentally different from Catholic funds, since it was regionally anchored from the start. As the largest landowner of Bukovina, this institution developed into a factor that shaped the region and society significantly until it was dissolved in 1949. The analysis of the Bukovinian Religious Fund in its importance for the design, development and nationalization of the region as part of the Habsburg monarchy as well as Greater Romania is the subject of the monograph. It offers a surprisingly new insight into a neglected research field, far beyond the region.

The results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022 survey were published in a short report in the autumn of 2023. The report generated a great deal of interest in Norway, mainly due to Norwegian students’ poor performance in mathematics. In this anthology, the authors further analyze of the mathematics results in PISA 2022 and previous PISA surveys. The authors examine various aspects of the students’ mathematical competence, the core content of mathematics as a subject and they ways in which it is taught. In addition, they examine the extent to which Norwegian students have equal opportunities to master mathematics by looking more closely at characteristics of students who do poorly in mathematics and the significance of socio-economic background to student achievement levels. The results are discussed in a Norwegian school context and in light of the PISA 2022 results for the other Nordic countries, the LK20 curriculum and the COVID-19 pandemic as well as other current research. Some of the chapters have a didactic profile aimed at teachers, student teachers and school leaders, while other chapters are aimed more at researchers, politicians and decision-makers.

This socio-historical study examines the changing conditions of scientific work and the transformation of professional collaborations in basic research, using the Max Planck Society as an example in the second half of the 20th century. For the first time, the development of research personnel and the structural characteristics of individual professional groups are systematically analyzed. The aim is to understand the Max Planck Society as a social system and institution of excellent research and scientific innovation. The focus is on the conflicts among young researchers, the increasing use of fixed-term contracts, the recruitment of leading top researchers, and the demands for co-determination and the democratization of established hierarchies along sociopolitical lines of conflict.

To explain the origin of the differences in milk prices paid to producers, this work provides a framework for analyzing the mechanisms of governance of PDO cheeses, which are organised in localised agri-food systems (SYAL). Six PDO cheeses in Europe are presented: Comté PDO and Cantal PDO in France, Gruyère PDO in Switzerland, Allgäuer Emmentaler PDO in Germany, Parmigiano-Reggiano PDO in Italy and Queso Manchego PDO in Spain.

In welcher Hinsicht können körperlich-leibliche Erfahrungen als Teil sozialer Aktivitäten verstanden werden und wie kann man sie sozialwissenschaftlich untersuchen? Unter Rückgriff auf den klassischen Pragmatismus, insbesondere John Dewey, und soziologische Praxistheorien leistet Alexander Antony einen Beitrag zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen. Er entwickelt eine Soziologie leiblicher Praxis, welche Sozialtheorie, methodologische Reflexion und die Erforschung der Produktion ge- und erlebter Körperlichkeit miteinander verschränkt. Empirisch widmet sich das Buch aus einer diskursanalytischen und ethnographischen Perspektive der Praktik der Atemarbeit, einem „ganzheitlichen“ Therapie- und Selbsterfahrungsangebot. Die Atemarbeit zielt darauf, eine bewusst erlebte leibliche Selbstbezüglichkeit zu etablieren, um derart körperliches, psychisches und seelisch-spirituelles Wohlbefinden zu befördern. Auf unterschiedlichen Analyseebenen spürt der Autor der Frage nach, wie individuelles leibliches Erleben und die diskursive und soziomaterielle Produktion von Erfahrungssituationen zusammenspielen. Die zentrale Einsicht: Sozialität geht buchstäblich unter die Haut. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.

This open access book presents an alternative to capitalism and state socialism through the modelling of a post-market and post-state utopia based on an upscaling of the commons, feminist political economy and democratic and council-based planning approaches. It discusses the left’s need to explore non-capitalist modes of production, the inability of green or socialist market economies to produce real social and ecological change, and the need to look beyond traditional ideas of reform and revolution. The book discusses how a socio-economic organisation beyond money, wage labour, patriarchal division of work and centralised state planning may look like. It develops an approach to societal transformation based on seed forms of commons practices and social movements. This book will be relevant to activists, students and researchers interested in fundamental social change, political economy and feminist and Marxist economics. This is an open access book.

Exchange between the translation studies and the computational linguistics communities has traditionally not been very intense. Among other things, this is reflected by the different views on parallel corpora. While computational linguistics does not always strictly pay attention to the translation direction (e.g. when translation rules are extracted from (sub)corpora which actually only consist of translations), translation studies are amongst other things concerned with exactly comparing source and target texts (e.g. to draw conclusions on interference and standardization effects). However, there has recently been more exchange between the two fields – especially when it comes to the annotation of parallel corpora. This special issue brings together the different research perspectives. Its contributions show – from both perspectives – how the communities have come to interact in recent years.

Applied physics

Western political philosophers since Plato have used the family as a model for harmonious political and social relations. Yet, far from being an uncontentious domain for shared interests and common values, the family is often the scene of intense interpersonal conflict and disagreement. In All in the Family, the political theorist Kennan Ferguson reconsiders the family, in its varied forms, as an exemplar of democratic politics and suggests how real rather than idealized family dynamics can help us to better understand and navigate political conflict. By closely observing the attachments that arise in families despite profound disagreements and incommensurabilities, Ferguson argues, we can imagine a political engagement that accommodates radical differences without sacrificing community.

Austin Zeiderman unearths how the fraught past and future of Colombia’s Magdalena River articulate the mirrored hierarchies of race and environment to explore global entanglements of race, nature, and capital.

Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass Streiks und Proteste in Bereichen sorgender Dienstleistungen an Strahlkraft gewonnen haben, wirft das Buch den Fokus auf den Zusammenhang von Krisen und Kämpfen um Care. Am Beispiel der Felder Krankenhäuser und Kindertagesstätten werden Veränderungen der ökonomischen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen ebenso betrachtet wie die von Sorgebeschäftigten artikulierten Krisen. Die Ursachen sozialer Reproduktionskrisen werden nicht nur als Folgen einer Abwertung, sondern auch der Nutzbarmachung von Sorge konzeptualisiert. Im Fokus stehen die Vielfältigkeit von Krisenprozessen und die Reorganisation von Sorgeverhältnissen.

«Luigi Dei takes a very personal approach to presenting the life and achievements of Maria Skłodowska-Curie, setting them in the broader context of the history of science and European culture between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. More specifically, he traces the links of the scientist, who twice won the Nobel Prize, with Poland (her homeland) and France (the country in which she lived, worked and made her outstanding scientific discoveries)». (Preface, Jan Piskurewicz)

Angesichts gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen und wachsender Anforderungen an das Bildungssystem wird es zunehmend wichtiger, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse evidenzbasiert in Lehrpläne zu integrieren. Dies ist eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, da viele Faktoren Struktur, Entwicklung und Umsetzung der Lehrpläne prägen. Der vorliegende Band stellt drei Modelle vor, die zentrale Aspekte der Struktur, Entwicklung und Implementierung von Lehrplänen thematisieren. Damit liefert der Band nicht nur praktische Unterstützung für Lehrkräfte und Bildungseinrichtungen, sondern auch wissenschaftsbasierte Erkenntnisse für die Bildungspolitik und ein Methodeninstrumentarium für die Lehrplanforschung. In the face of social changes and growing demands on the educational system, it is becoming increasingly important to integrate evidence-based scientific findings into curricula. This is a challenging task, as many factors shape the structure, development and implementation of curricula. This volume presents three models that address key aspects of the structure, development and implementation of curricula. Thus it not only provides practical support for teachers and educational institutions, but also science-based findings for educational policy and a methodological toolkit for curriculum research.

A Queer History of Adolescence reveals categories of age—and adolescence, specifically—as an undeniable and essential mechanism in the production of difference itself. Drawing from a dynamic and varied archive, including British and American newspapers, medical papers and pamphlets, and adolescent and children’s literature circulating on both sides of the Atlantic, Gabrielle Owen argues that adolescence has a logic, a way of thinking, that emerges over the course of the nineteenth century and that survives in various forms to this day. This logic makes the idea of adolescence possible and naturalizes our historically specific ways of conceptualizing time, development, social hierarchy, and the self. Rich in intersectional analysis, this book offers a multifaceted and historicized theory for categories of age that challenges existing methodologies for studying the people called children and adolescents. Rather than offering critique as an end in and of itself, A Queer History of Adolescence imagines the world-making possibilities that critique enables and, in so doing, shines a necessary light on the question of relationality in the lived world. Owen exposes the profound presence of history in our current moment in order to transform the habits of mind shaping age relations, social hierarchy, and the politics of identity today.