Science & Mathematics

This deliverable presented a literature review about the role of extrinsic cues for the pesticide reduction. The results of one experimental market focused on consumers’ willingness to pay for apples with different labels (public and private labels) that signalling the reduction of pesticides were presented. We showed that the most valuated cues for pesticide reduction is organic label. In Portugal, the premium for organic is 96.4% and for France is 72.5%. IPM certifications have also a high premium. However, producer’s guarantee is more credible than retailer’s. Moreover, we noted that sensory information may have a strong impact which should not be overlooked.

In this paper a nonlinear int examined to increase the power efficiency o based piezoelectric energy harvester. In structure application, the structure may be c piezoelectric patches and the interfacing circ complicated and important. An optimized sy charge extraction (OSECE) nonlinear techniq optimize the interfacing circuit. The equiva fluttering flags is introduced and simulated wi using the Matlab and PSIM software. The show the good agreement with the theoret interfacing circuit design concept can be fu multi-piezoelectric patches energy harvesting s

When excited with ultrasound waves, air bubbles in water can, in appropriate con ditions, emit light. This phenomenon is known as {\em sonoluminescence}. While recent experiments have successfully produced stable single bubble sonolum inescence, allowing the conditions for sonoluminescence to be studied in more de tail, the mechanism for light emission remains little understood. The classical explanation relies on a shock wave theory \cite{crum94}\cite{greenspan93}. These authors suggest th at during the violent collapse of the bubble, spherical shock waves are emitted which concentrate on a singular point at the center of the bubble yielding very high temperatures ($>$ 10,000 {\kelvin}) and very short light pulses ($\approx$ 50 picoseconds)\ci te{barber91}. However, this hypothesis has serious weak points underlined by A. Prosperetti \cite{prosp eretti97}. The main assumption of the shock wave hypothesis is that the bubble remains spherical throughout the pressure cycle. There is strong evidence that the bubble should deform strongly when reaching very small radii. In particular a jet of liquid should form in the direction of the bubble motion. If this is the case, the shock wave model does not hold anymore (at least in its present form) and another mechanism for light emission should be found. Our goal is to illustrate numerically the possibility of stable and repeatable formation of a jet at each sonoluminescence cycle. While some boundary-integral computations have been made \cite{prosperetti97}, we are not aware of a full Navier-Stokes simulation o f such a phenomenon. The phenomenon of jet formation is moreover a characteristic of cavitation bubbl es near solid walls. Sonoluminescence and cavitation thus appear to be closely r elated \cite{Lauterborn97}. We will present a free-surface Navier-Stokes solver which can be useful for the study of these two phenomena and some results regarding both cavitation and sono luminescence.

L’apprentissage de la lecture et la perception des gestes articulatoires visuels de la parole sont des processus complexes dont le développement dépend de nombreux facteurs. Certains d’entre eux sont communs aux deux habiletés comme la conscience phonologique, le vocabulaire ou encore la mémoire à court terme phonologique. Cette étude a pour objectif d’investiguer les liens entre le niveau de sensibilité aux gestes articulatoires et l’apprentissage de la lecture. Nous nous sommes intéressées à des enfants à différentes périodes d’apprentissage de la lecture ; de la grande section de maternelle auCE2. Nous avons évalué la lecture, les habiletés phonologiques, le niveau de sensibilité aux gestes articulatoires et certains aspects du profil cognitif global des enfants de 5 à 9 ans. Nos résultats montrent une amélioration de la capacité de lecture et du niveau de sensibilité aux gestes articulatoires visuels de la parole avec l’âge. Au sein de la classe la plus avancée en lecture, le niveau de l’apport des gestes articulatoires pendant la reconnaissance de la parole dans le bruit ainsi que l’empan de la mémoire à court terme phonologique sont prédictifs de l’apprentissage de la lecture. L’empan de la mémoire à court terme phonologique est meilleur chez les bons lecteurs alors que l’apport des gestes articulatoires pendant la reconnaissance de la parole dans le bruit est meilleur chez les moins bons lecteurs de ce groupe. Ces données sur le lien entre la lecture et l’apport des gestes articulatoires nous permettent d’envisager la présence d’une période de transition qui se produirait lors de l’automatisation de la lecture : les meilleurs lecteurs délaisseraient progressivement les apports des gestes articulatoires visuels de la parole pour la lecture au profit d’autres processus d’apprentissage et les moins bons lecteurs investiraient davantage les gestes articulatoires visuels de la parole pour compenser leurs difficultés de lecture. Notre étude souligne l’importance que peuvent tenir les gestes articulatoires visuels de la parole dans l’apprentissage de la lecture, notamment pour les enfants les plus en difficulté.

The sea surface temperature (SST) in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic is characterized by a strong seasonal cycle. The SST becomes very warm in boreal summer in the north, off Senegal / Mauritania, while a seasonal cold tongue takes place in the south, around the Equator. Along the zonally-extended SST maximum, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) corresponds to a region of surface wind convergence and intense precipitation. The aim of this study is to document the SST control on the seasonal evolution of the ITCZ latitude with a regional atmospheric model (WRF), by manually removing any SST warming (« Frozen North ») or cooling (« Frozen South ») from June in the eastern Tropical Atlantic

ST 9 : Systèmes électoraux et parlements en mutation : logiques institutionnelles et influences de la société civile Au-delà des réformes électorales : Une discussion critique des conclusions de la littérature sur l'ingénierie électorale étendue à d'autres types de changements institutionnels

This document deals with the gridshells built by the Navier laboratory in the last ten years. The numerical conception is developed, from the draft made by architects up to the final structure. To design a gridshell several numerical tasks have to be performed. The geometry of the gridshell is first considered. Then, an iterative step mixing geometry and mechanical considerations is important. In particular, it is explained how the naturally straight beams are bended to form the final shape. This active bending provides many interests like high stiffness for a light weight structure. After the numerical design of the grid, the geometry of the membrane is drawn from the numerical final geometry of the gridshell. The improvements of gridshells, including safety considerations as well as practical considerations are then developed, trough the four gridshells recently built.

We present a switched adaptive observer for the estimation of the tyre extended braking stiffness (XBS) during braking scenarios. The design of the observer is based on Burckhardt's friction model, and on a model of the wheel dynamics in which the XBS appears as one of the state variables. Asymptotic stability of the estimation error is established on the basis of dwell-time and persistency of excitation conditions. The approach is validated via numerical simulations considering realistic perturbations on the system's measured output.

This article examines the software of the mind, self, and culture that can explain the secrets to happiness, health, and long life. First, this article outlines the assumption of objectivity in science, and the importance of understanding the subjective and creative aspects of science. Second, Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory is introduced, providing the basis of understanding human creativity and software of the mind. He articulates the importance of understanding the precursors to human creativity and action: Intention, forethought, self-reflection, and self-reaction. Third, the understanding of the software of the human mind from the Western perspective is provided. Fourth, the East Asian perspective and Confucianism that emphasize the relatedness and connectedness of the self to others are introduced. Fifth, an understanding of how culture is socialized in children and the development of the self in East Asia are outlined. Sixth, the limitations of the traditional biological models in explaining the software of the mind, self, and culture are outlined by reviewing the scientific advances in epigenetics and neurobiology. Seventh, the economic, social, relational, and psychological factors explaining the secrets to happiness, health, and long life are outlined. Finally, the phenomenology behind the knowledge creation and the discovery process and the implications of the digital revolution for the Gen Zs are reviewed.

The increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events is already a reality due to global warming. In order to better inform the disaster management teams about the upcoming flooding situation in an urban catchment, the research project KIWaSuS (AI-based warning system for heavy rain and urban flash floods) is going to develop three models with artificial intelligence (AI) for precipitation nowcasting, forecasting of sewer overflow and forecasting of inundation areas. In comparison to a usual rainfall nowcasting model for a specific heavy rainfall event, the first developed AI precipitation prediction model can deliver better results for forecast horizons between 20 and 60 minutes. It can also maintain its performance constant up to a lead time of 35 minutes. In the first investigations for the flood prediction model, it was analysed whether the inclusion of other inputs additionally to precipitation information could improve the performance of the AI model. It is demonstrated that the addition of sewer overflow information improves the model performance, which corroborates the planned coupling of these three AI models to achieve the goals of the research project KIWaSuS.