Say It or Grab It? Conversational Control of UI Adaptations in Mixed Reality

Overview & Synopsis

Mixed reality interfaces must continuously adapt to a user's changing task and environment, yet adaptation policies are fixed in advance, either preset by the system or configured by the user. Natural language offers a way to state changing needs mid-task, but whether users can express interface behavior this way, and what it gains over direct manipulation, is unknown. We first elicited how users verbalize adaptation needs (N=19). We then built ConverseMR, which translates a spoken request into adaptation objectives and constraints and satisfies them continuously as the user's context changes. In a within-subjects study (N=24), conversational and direct control proved complementary: direct manipulation for precision, ConverseMR for reach and expressive breadth, with their combination rated highest. Spoken commands were rarely final and users frequently refined and replaced them upon experiencing the result, characteristic of, what we call, user-led adaptation, where users communicate adaption needs and the system identifies a solution.