Semantic Routing Framework for Multi-Domain Telecom Intent-Based Networking

Overview & Synopsis

Intent-Based Networking (IBN) is a key enabler of autonomous network management in next-generation networks, as it allows operators to drive the network through high-level intents instead of low-level configuration commands. In this paper, we propose a semantic routing framework for telecom intent classification and translation across the radio access networks (RANs), transport, 5G core, and cloud/edge domains. This framework operates locally to preserve intent privacy and avoid the latency and cost of cloud-based Large Language Model (LLM) solutions. The proposed framework is composed of intent classification and translation. To accurately classify the intent, we propose fine-tuning sentence-transformer models using contrastive learning over a 3GPP TS 28.312-aligned taxonomy of five top-level routes and 22 branches, supported by a telecom-specific codebook of 1,100 intents. In addition, we develop a branchaware, template-driven rule-based module for intent translation that enforces deterministic, hallucination-free parameter extraction and explicit missing-field detection, ensuring a structured and verifiable output pipeline. The numerical results show that the best fine-tuned encoder achieves up to 99.02%/94.61% route/branch classification accuracy, outperforming both base encoders and a commercial embedding baseline. The proposed translator achieves up to 96.24% translation accuracy, compared to 85.37% for a cloud-based LLM benchmark. Moreover, since the proposed pipeline runs entirely on local hardware, an average translation latency of 4.81 ms is recorded against 4,163.58 ms for the cloud-based benchmark, i.e., a speedup of approximately 866x.