Science & Mathematics

Recent modelling studies have indicated that icebergs play an active role in the climate system as they interact with the ocean and the atmosphere. The icebergs' impact is due to their slowly released meltwater, which freshens and cools the ocean and consequently alters the ocean stratification and the sea-ice conditions. The spatial distribution of the icebergs and their meltwater depends on the atmospheric and oceanic forces acting on them as well as on the initial icebergs' size. The studies conducted so far have in common that the icebergs were moved by reconstructed or modelled forcing fields and that the initial size distribution of the icebergs was prescribed according to present-day observations. To study the sensitivity of the modelled iceberg distribution to initial and boundary conditions, we performed 15 sensitivity experiments using the iLOVECLIM climate model that includes actively coupled ice sheet and iceberg modules, to analyse (1) the impact of the atmospheric and oceanic forces on the iceberg transport, mass and melt flux distribution, and (2) the effect of the initial iceberg size on the resulting Northern Hemisphere climate including the Green-land ice sheet, due to feedback mechanisms such as altered atmospheric temperatures, under different climate conditions (pre-industrial, high/low radiative forcing). Our results show that, under equilibrated pre-industrial conditions, the oceanic currents cause the icebergs to stay close to the Greenland and North American coast, whereas the atmospheric forcing quickly distributes them further away from their calving site. Icebergs remaining close to Greenland last up to 2 years longer as they reside in generally cooler waters. Moreover , we find that local variations in the spatial distribution due to different iceberg sizes do not result in different climate states and Greenland ice sheet volume, independent of the prevailing climate conditions (pre-industrial, warming or cooling climate). Therefore, we conclude that local differences in the distribution of their melt flux do not alter the prevailing Northern Hemisphere climate and ice sheet under equilibrated conditions and continuous supply of icebergs. Furthermore, our results suggest that the applied radiative forcing scenarios have a stronger impact on climate than the initial size distribution of the icebergs.

quartier à identifier

Jalpan, Municipio de Jalpan, Querétaro Facade de l'église Saint Jacques La Majeur, construite au milieu du XVIII° siècle, sous la direction de Fray Junijero (franciscain). Voir el Barrovo en La Sierra Garda de Monique Gustin (INAH)

Piste Mogoey Verde - Mines El Soyatal, 700 metres avant d'arriver à la concession Maldonado - Municipio de Peñamiller. Etat de Querétaro Vue de la sierra et du "cerro la Tembladura" en direction de l'Ouest Sud-Ouest. Au fond on distingue le tracé de la route fédérale 120 (San Juan Del Rio Jalpan)

Les objectifs visés pour cette études sont de savoir si la carte mentale constitue un instrument favorisant l’apprentissage des leçons en classe mais également si elle est porteuse de nouveautés et donc de motivation pour les élèves.

Intento de clasificación de los rasgos genéricos que caracterizan al personaje del Pastor en el teatro de Diego Sánchez de Badajoz; se establece aquí una jerarquía funcional de los mismos, con intención de esbozar la configuración lexical y sintáctica de esta clase de "idioma" que son los recursos técnicos del teatro de farsa.

The recent emergence of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a pandemic. For the safety concern of seafood, consumer monitoring of this organism in seafood is very much essential. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on [ATCC-17802] strain of V. parahaemolyticus for its biochemical characteristics, biotype and 16S rDNA analysis. The lyophilized strain of V. parahaemolyticus was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two parts, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, whereas, Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment of Gr. IIB on day 142 (Study II), the sample was divided into three separate tubes. The tubes first, second and third were analyzed on day 5, 10, and 15, respectively. The biochemical reaction and biotyping were performed using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of V. parahaemolyticus with other bacterial species after the treatment. The results of biochemical reactions were altered 24.24%, out of thirty-three in the treated groups with respect to the control. Moreover, negative (-) reaction of urea was changed to positive (+) in the revived treated Gr. IIB, Study II on day 15 as compared to the control. Besides, biotype number was substantially changed in all the treated groups as compared to the control. However, change in organisms were reported in Gr. IIA on day 10 and in Gr. IIB; Study II on day 5 as Shewanella putrefaciens and Moraxella/Psychrobacter spp., respectively with respect to the control i.e. Vibrio sp. SF. 16S rDNA analysis showed that the identified sample in this experiment was V. parahaemolyticus after biofield treatment, and the nearest homolog genus-species was observed as Vibrio natriegens with 98% gene identity. The results envisaged that the biofield energy treatment showed an alteration in biochemical reaction pattern and biotype number on the strain of V. parahaemolyticus.

Les littoraux de la Caraïbe ont longtemps été délaissés et finalement seuls les pêcheurs et les populations indigentes utilisaient cet espace. Avec le développement des villes puis l’essor du tourisme et enfin de la société de loisirs, les littoraux deviennent des territoires de production, de tourisme et de loisirs. Ce renforcement de la fréquentation s’accompagne d’un mouvement général de littoralisation, c’est-à-dire de mise en valeur et d’aménagement du littoral. Voir la mer, pratiquer un sport nautique deviennent des éléments de confort et de niveau de vie. Ainsi les îles de la Caraïbe qui étaient tournées vers la plantation et l’intérieur, s’ouvrent à la mer et aménagent les littoraux source de désenclavement, de découverte de la société de consommation et de développement touristique. Il devient alors important d’aménager et de réglementer l’accès à la mer afin de limiter le mitage du littoral. Il faut pouvoir libérer les fronts de mer sans pénaliser les populations les plus démunies et atténuer les phénomènes de gentrification imposés par l’augmentation des prix du foncier et qui sont porteurs de ségrégation sociale et raciale. D’après nos relevés de l’aménagement du bord de mer à la Martinique, les agglomérations et les zones denses d’habitat diffus s’étendent sur 34,4 kilomètres de côtes, les routes littorales souvent bordées d’enrochements occupent 9.6 kilomètres de côtes, les zones industrielles littorales et les infrastructures portuaires (commerce, pêche et plaisance) occupent 5 kilomètres chacune. Les aménagements touristiques s’étendent sur 2000 mètres et se concentrent essentiellement en un endroit. On retrouve les mêmes constantes dans les autres îles de la Caraïbe.Ainsi, si les infrastructures touristiques sont souvent critiquées et accusées de dénaturer les sites, elles ne constituent cependant pas la majorité des aménagements du littoral qui reviennent en priorité aux villages, aux villes du littoral et aux zones industrialo-portuaires attenantes. Les hôtels, les ports de plaisance et les infrastructures de développement de la pêche viennent ensuite.

Les inventaires entomologiques réalisés en Martinique depuis 2011 ont permis de trouver deux espèces nouvelles, rares, présentes en un unique exemplaire : Carneades flavomaculata n. sp. (Colobotheini) proche de C. bincincta Gahan, 1889 et Leptostylopsis poirieri n. sp. (Acanthocinini) proche de L. antillarum (Fisher, 1925). Ces nouvelles espèces sont illustrées et comparées aux espèces proches des Antilles.

The energy associated with the use of road infrastructure exceeds in few years the energy needed for its construction. The link between infrastructure and use energy has not been, however, studied in depth, particularly as the legitimate transport societal expectations are related to efficiency and safety. However, we can consider reducing the energy use by working out minor optimizations of the road infrastructure itself, which is a major challenge in a context of overall decrease of resources and increasing pressures on the environment. Experimental work is carried out here to develop one of these optimizations by improving the eco-driving potential of roads. It is based on the adequacy between vehicles dynamics, the road longitudinal profile and the speed sectioning of the infrastructure. This sectioning corresponds to the succession of speed limitations (road signs, roundabouts, intersections ...). It may allow drivers to eco-drive or not, depending on dynamics, slopes, and secondary parameters as driver reaction time or distance of visibility. Optimal speed sectioning aims to limit the mechanical braking needed by potential energy reduction, due to slopes, which can be encountered simultaneously with the needed kinetic energy reduction. Evaluation has been made on actual road sections, while recording both vehicle dynamics, driver commands, road signs positions and road longitudinal profile. Results show that energy consumption of vehicles approaching a speed reduction sign can be reduced by moving backward this sign of about 700 meters, without penalizing the primary safety function. The associated gain, for this optimization, has been evaluated to 14 liters of fuel per day for one of the experimental sites, considering traffic data. Application of this method on a network could then lead to considerable energy saving by allowing eco-driving.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la gestion des risques liés à l’adoption d’un régime pauvre en FODMAPs chez les patients atteints du syndrome de l’intestin irritable (SII). Bien que ce régime apporte un soulagement symptomatique, il peut induire divers impacts : des déséquilibres nutritionnels (carences en fibres et micronutriments), des perturbations du microbiote intestinal, des répercussions psychologiques (stress alimentaire, troubles du comportement alimentaire), ainsi qu’une potentialisation de certains troubles digestifs si l’alimentation est inadaptée ou mal encadrée. L’étude aborde également l’importance d’ajuster certains traitements médicamenteux, notamment chez les patients diabétiques, afin de prévenir les déséquilibres métaboliques pouvant survenir lors de la mise en place du régime. Cette analyse met en lumière la nécessité d’un suivi pluridisciplinaire, mobilisant médecins, diététiciens, pharmaciens et psychologues, pour optimiser les bénéfices du régime tout en limitant ses risques. Enfin, des fiches pratiques sont proposées pour soutenir les professionnels de santé, en conformité avec les recommandations des sociétés savantes et les données issues des publications récentes.