Compositional Humanoid Manipulation through Isomorphic Teleoperation and Independent Skill Routing

Overview & Synopsis

Humanoid manipulation requires reusable arm skills, yet demonstrating every possible skill combination is impractical. We present Humanoid Semantic Mixture-of-Experts Diffusion Policy (HS-MoDP), which composes separately demonstrated arm skills through independent semantic routing over a shared expert pool. This design preserves arm-specific skill control while sharing action-generation parameters across arms. A semantic scheduler integrates the learned policy with an existing locomotion controller through alternating manipulation and repositioning stages, extending the effective workspace and enabling skill reuse across location changes. To acquire demonstrations of whole-body contact manipulation, we develop G1Exo, an isomorphic exoskeleton that provides direct joint-level control of arm configurations. Experiments on a Unitree G1 show stronger skill composition than the baselines. G1Exo enables more reliable contact teleoperation than end-effector VR-IK, and its demonstrations improve contact-skill learning across four policy architectures. For HS-MoDP, switching from VR-IK to G1Exo demonstrations raises full cabinet workflow success from 35% to 65%. All project hardware designs and source code will be released as open source after the review process.